These are the types of control for a wheel loader
A wheel loader is a heavy vehicle used in construction to transport materials such as sand, gravel, or debris. At the front of the vehicle, there is a large bucket that can move up and down, and the steering system plays a crucial role in its operation. There are multiple options when it comes to steering systems for a wheel loader. In this article, we’ll explain more about wheel loader steering systems, specifically focusing on the joystick, full steering, CSS, and CDC. At the end of the article, we’ll also discuss other machines that use these steering systems.
Why are there different steering systems?
There are several types of steering systems available for a wheel loader, each offering unique benefits suited to various work conditions. Here are some points that influence the choice of a steering option:
Adaptability to diverse work environments: Wheel loaders are used in a variety of work environments. Each situation demands a different level of control, speed, and maneuverability.
Stability: The steering system also impacts the machine's stability while working. If the machine mostly operates on steep slopes or rough terrain, a different steering method may be required.
Operator comfort: Operating a wheel loader can sometimes be physically demanding. Each steering option is designed to relieve the operator and improve comfort during use.
How the steering systems work
Below, we delve into how the steering systems used in wheel loaders operate. We’ll discuss both the functioning and the specific advantages each system offers. Here are the types of systems:
Joystick steering
Let’s start with controlling a wheel loader using a joystick. Modern wheel loaders are often equipped with joystick steering for precise control. The machine has one or more joysticks that control the vehicle and manage the bucket movements. The advantage of a joystick is that it’s ideal for working in tight spaces. Additionally, the steering and control of the bucket can be combined, meaning the operator can control both the direction of the machine and the bucket. This makes it a versatile choice for different types of work.
Fingertip steering
Another form of joystick control is fingertip steering. This type allows the machine to be operated with one hand, as the control panel is designed so that the bucket can be easily operated with the fingertips.
Full steering
Full steering, also known as complete steering, means that the vehicle is controlled entirely through the steering mechanisms of the front and rear axles. A full steering system offers several advantages. Wheel loaders with full steering often have articulated steering, which allows the vehicle to bend in the middle, requiring less space to turn. Another benefit is the excellent stability of the machine; since the entire machine turns, it reduces the risk of tipping over in sharp turns. This system is well-suited for work in narrow spaces or on terrains requiring a tight turning radius.
CSS steering
The Comfort Steering System (CSS) is an electronic system that makes steering lighter and easier, reducing fatigue for the operator. The steering adjusts automatically to the speed of the vehicle. When the machine is moving slowly, the steering is very light. As the machine picks up speed, the steering becomes heavier, providing more stability and control.
CDC steering
The next steering system is designed by Volvo and is therefore used exclusively in Volvo wheel loaders. Known as Comfort Drive Control (CDC), this system combines full steering with a joystick for even better and more precise control of the machine. It also offers comfort even during a long workday.
Operating an excavator
In addition to wheel loaders, an excavator can also operate with various steering systems, particularly joysticks. Excavators usually have multiple joysticks, typically a left and a right one. The right joystick controls the boom (arm), and pulling it to the left closes the bucket, while pushing it to the right opens it. Moving the right joystick up and down makes the boom go up and down, respectively. The left joystick controls the bucket, and moving it up or down raises or lowers the bucket. By moving the left joystick left or right, the entire cabin moves from side to side.
Operating a bulldozer
In bulldozers, the most commonly used steering system is the joystick, which allows for more precise work. A bulldozer can be equipped with either a single joystick or a double joystick. A single joystick combines all the functions needed to operate the bulldozer, while a double joystick separates the functions: one joystick is intended for the driving direction, and the other is for the bulldozer's operation.