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Perhaps the most important function of any vehicle: braking. To ensure this process works as effectively as possible, there are different types of brakes. A heavy vehicle needs a different type of brake than a vehicle that can be brought to a stop more easily. As such, there are multiple braking systems designed for various types of vehicles. In this article, we’ll dive deeper into disc brakes and drum brakes.
There are fundamentally two main types of brakes: disc brakes and drum brakes. Disc brakes are the most commonly used in modern vehicles, while drum brakes consist of a drum with a set of brake shoes. Disc brakes include rotors, calipers, and brake pads. To better understand the difference and how each system functions, let’s take a closer look at these braking systems.
Disc brakes are composed of several parts: a brake caliper, a piston, and a disc. The disc, made of steel or ceramic, is mounted on the wheel hub. The brake caliper holds the brake pads, which press onto the disc like a clamp, creating a high braking force. In trucks, the brake pistons are operated by compressed air. A key benefit of this is that compressed air offers a more reliable and powerful method to safely bring heavy vehicles to a stop. One characteristic of disc brakes is the internally ventilated design. This means the brake disc is hollow inside, with small openings or channels allowing air to flow through the disc and dissipate heat faster during braking. This is especially important for trucks, which are heavy and generate significant heat during braking. This ventilation also extends the lifespan of the brakes. Well-known brands for disc brakes include Knorr-Bremse, Brembo, and Bosch.
In addition to standard disc brakes, there are also hydraulic disc brakes. Hydraulic disc brakes are often used in light commercial vehicles like delivery vans. This system uses hydraulic fluid, which is pressurized and sent through the lines. When the driver presses the brake pedal, the fluid is pressurized and directed through the lines to the brake calipers. The pistons in the calipers push the brake pads against the disc, creating friction that slows down the wheel, and thus the vehicle.
Inside the drum of a drum brake are two brake shoes equipped with brake pads. When the braking process is initiated, these two brake shoes press from the inside against the drum. A benefit of this braking system is that it requires relatively low operating force due to internal reinforcement. Additionally, drum brakes are protected from weather conditions; situations like rain or sludge on the road do not affect the braking performance. However, a disadvantage of drum brakes is that replacing the brake pads is time-consuming, as the drum must be opened. Well-known brands for drum brakes include Meritor, Haldex, and WABCO.
A heavy vehicle requires a different braking system than a vehicle that can be stopped with less force. Besides this, there are other factors that influence which braking system best suits your vehicle. These include:
Application and driving environment: Does your commercial vehicle mainly drive in urban areas and make frequent stops? If so, drum brakes may be the better choice. If you drive more on highways or at higher speeds, disc brakes often provide better performance.
Safety and performance: This is a crucial factor when it comes to choosing your braking system. For heavy vehicles traveling long distances, it’s essential to select a braking system with better heat dissipation and braking force.
To keep your brakes in top condition, here are some maintenance tips. In general, it’s important to regularly check the condition of your brakes to catch early signs of wear and resolve issues sooner. Avoid unnecessary hard and prolonged braking, as this can accelerate wear. Alongside these general tips, here are specific tips for the three types of braking systems mentioned:
Disc brakes: Regularly check the thickness of the brake pads and discs, replace the brake pads when they’re nearly worn out, clean and remove dirt from the brake discs, and avoid prolonged overheating of the brakes.
Hydraulic disc brakes: Regularly replace the brake fluid, bleed the system as needed, and check frequently for leaks.
Drum brakes: Regularly inspect for wear, clean the system, check the brake cylinders, and lubricate some parts of the drum brake. However, be careful not to get grease on the brake linings!